How to protect yourself in cold environments.

• Wear several layers of loose clothing.
• Avoid tight or restrictive clothing.
• Wear a hat.
• Wear insulated, waterproof boots.
• Protect your ears, face, and hands.
• Limit the amount of time spent in cold, wet environments.
• Move into warm, dry locations during breaks.
• Drink warm liquids.
• Carry extra socks, gloves, hats, jackets, blankets, and a change of clothes.
• Include chemical hot packs in your first aid kit.
• Do not touch cold metal surfaces with your bare skin.

Signs that you are suffering from cold stress:

• Hypothermia (a medical emergency):
  • Shivering at the onset but not later
  • Fatigue, confusion, and disorientation
  • Blue skin
  • Dilated pupils
  • Slowed pulse and breathing
  • Loss of consciousness
• Frostbite:
  • Numbness
  • Aching
  • Tingling or stinging
  • Bluish or pale, waxy skin
• Trench foot:
  • Reddening, numbness, and swelling
  • Leg cramps
  • Blisters, ulcers, or gangrene
  • Bleeding under the skin
• Chilblains:
  • Redness, itching, and blistering
  • Inflammation
  • Possible blistering and ulceration